Over the past 20 years

Overestimated global warming over the past 20 years

Global mean surface temperature over the past 20 years (1993–2012) rose at a rate of 0.14 ± 0.06 °C per decade (95% confidence interval)1. This rate of warming is significantly slower than that simulated by the climate models participating in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). To illustrate this, we considered trends in global mean surface temperature computed from 11...

Selected Developments in Programmable Networking Over the Past 20 Years

Hemodynamic monitoring over the past 10 years

Changes in hemodynamic monitoring over the past 10 years have followed two paths. First, there has been a progressive decrease in invasive monitoring, most notably a reduction in the use of the pulmonary artery catheter because of a presumed lack of efficacy in its use in the management of critically ill patients, with an increased use of less invasive monitoring requiring only central venous a...

Tornado Trends over the past Thirty Years

Dr. Stanley Changnon has done extensive work in climatological studies that included tornado frequency. He studied these frequencies using tornado statistics across Illinois using data from storms that occurred between 1916 and 1980 (Changnon, 1982). He also guided work done at the Illinois State Water Survey on the significance of long-track tornadoes (Wilson and Morgan, 1971). One of the conc...

Then and now: the progress in hepatitis B treatment over the past 20 years.

The ultimate goals of treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic decompensation. Since the advent of effective antiviral drugs that appeared during the past two decades, considerable advances have been made not only in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but also in preventing and reducing the incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC. F...